1, Izizathu zenqubo yokukhiqiza: Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ze-oxidation yemikhiqizo yensimbi.Ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezici zomkhiqizo, ukwakha ifilimu encane ye-oxide ebusweni bomkhiqizo kuyinqubo eyisisekelo yokugwema i-oxidation, futhi kuphinde kube umehluko phakathi kwemikhiqizo yensimbi.Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zeminye imikhiqizo yensimbi, kodwa lapho ifilimu ye-oxide ingaphelele noma ingaqhubeki ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obanele noma bokunganaki, umoya-mpilo osemoyeni uzosabela ngokuqondile ngezakhi ezithile emkhiqizweni, okuholela ekubukeni komkhiqizo.bonisa i-oxidation.
2, Izizathu zesilinganiso sokwakheka komkhiqizo: Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokukhiqiza, abanye abakhiqizi banciphisa ingxenye yezakhi ezithile ezibalulekile njenge-chromium ne-nickel, futhi bakhulise okuqukethwe kwezinye izakhi ezifana nekhabhoni.Isenzakalo sokukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso sokwakheka akugcini nje ukunciphisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, isibonelo, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ku-304 ithubhu yensimbi engagqwali kunganele, akuthinti kuphela ukumelana nokugqwala nokwakheka komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi. inamandla amakhulu uma isetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali, izimboni zemishini kanye nezokukhiqiza.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphinde kuthinte ukubukeka kanye nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant zomkhiqizo.
3, Izizathu zokwenziwa: Lesi futhi esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ze-oxidation yomkhiqizo abanye abathengi abahlangabezana nayo lapho besebenzisa imikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali.Abanye abathengi basebenza ngendlela engafanele ekusetshenzisweni nasekulungiseni umkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi eminye imikhiqizo yamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali esetshenziswa embonini yemishini yamakhemikhali okudla.Amathuba e-oxidation aphezulu.Ukuze uthole i-oxidation eyenziwe ngumuntu yemikhiqizo yensimbi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nolwazi olulungile lokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo kanye nokugcinwa nokugcinwa okuvamile nokuphumelelayo, ukuze kuncishiswe i-oxidation ebangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungalungile.
Insimbi engagqwali incike efilimini encane kakhulu, eqinile, enhle futhi ezinzile ye-chromium-rich oxide (ifilimu evikelayo) eyakhiwe endaweni yayo ukuze ivimbele ukungena okuqhubekayo kanye ne-oxidation yama-athomu omoya-mpilo ukuze ithole amandla okumelana nokugqwala.Kanye ngesizathu esithile, le filimu iqhubeka ilinyazwa, ama-athomu omoya-mpilo emoyeni noma uketshezi luzoqhubeka nokungena noma ama-athomu ensimbi ensimbi azoqhubeka nokuhlukana, enze i-iron oxide exekethile, futhi ingaphezulu lensimbi liyogqwala ngokuqhubekayo.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomonakalo kule filimu engaphezulu, ezivame kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Ebusweni bensimbi engagqwali, uthuli oluqukethe ezinye izakhi zensimbi noma okunamathiselwe kwezinhlayiya zensimbi ezihlukahlukene ziyanqwabelana.Emoyeni oswakeme, amanzi ajiyile phakathi kokunamathiselwe nensimbi engagqwali axhuma kokubili kubhethri elincane, elicupha ukusabela kwe-electrochemical futhi livikele insimbi engagqwali.Ifilimu yonakele, ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrochemical corrosion.
2. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali linamathela kumajusi ezinto eziphilayo (njengemifino, isobho le-noodle, njll.), futhi lapho kukhona amanzi nomoya-mpilo, ama-asidi e-organic akhiwa, futhi ama-asidi e-organic azogqwala indawo yensimbi isikhathi eside.
3. Ingaphezulu lensimbi engagqwali linamathela ekuqukethe ama-asidi, ama-alkali nosawoti (njengamanzi ane-alkali namanzi omcako aphuma ezindongeni zokuhlobisa), okubangela ukugqwala kwendawo.
4. Emoyeni ongcolile (njengomkhathi oqukethe inani elikhulu le-sulfide, i-carbon oxide, i-nitrogen oxide), lapho uhlangana namanzi ajiyile, wenza amachashaza awuketshezi e-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid ne-acetic acid, okubangela ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
Izimo ezingenhla zingabangela ukulimala kwefilimu evikelayo endaweni yensimbi engagqwali futhi kubangele ukugqwala.Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi indawo yensimbi ikhanya unomphela futhi ayigqwalile, sincoma:
1. Ingaphezulu lemikhiqizo yensimbi engagqwali kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ikhuhlwe njalo ukuze kususwe okunamathiselwe futhi kuqedwe izici zangaphandle ezibangela ukuguqulwa;
2. gcina indawo ezungezile yomile;
3. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamanye amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali emakethe akukwazi ukuhlangabezana namazinga kazwelonke ahambisanayo futhi akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo.Ngakho-ke, kuzophinde kubangele ukugqwala, okudinga ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhethe ngokucophelela imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahloniphekile.
Insimbi engagqwali inamandla okumelana ne-oxidation yasemkhathini—okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi inamandla okugqwala emithonjeni yezindaba equkethe ama-asidi, ama-alkali, nosawoti—okungukuthi, ukumelana nokugqwala.Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bekhono layo lokulwa nokugqwala buyahlukahluka ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yayo ngokwayo, isimo sokuhlanganisana, izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo lwemithombo yezemvelo.Isibonelo, ipayipi lensimbi elingu-304 linekhono elihle kakhulu lokulwa nokugqwala endaweni eyomile nehlanzekile, kodwa uma liyiswa endaweni egudle ulwandle, lizokhipha i-oxidize enkungu yolwandle equkethe usawoti omningi, kuyilapho ipayipi lensimbi elingu-316 lisebenza kahle. .Ngakho-ke, akulona noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali olungamelana nokugqwala nokugqwala kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-17-2023